A data essay · 85 candies · 269,000 matchups

Sugar Chocolate
sells candy.

Everyone assumes sugar is what makes candy popular. In 269 thousand head-to-head "which would you rather get?" votes, sugar barely moved the needle — chocolate was worth nineteen points of win rate all by itself.

Every candy in the dataset

Scatter plot of 85 candies: sugar percentile on the horizontal axis, win rate on the vertical axis.

Source: FiveThirtyEight candy-power-ranking · win % from ~269k Walt Hickey survey matchups, 2017

The contestants

Each dot is one of 85 Halloween candies. FiveThirtyEight showed people random pairs — Twix or Skittles? Snickers or candy corn? — about 269,000 times, and recorded which one they'd rather find in their trick-or-treat bag. A candy's height on this chart is its win rate: the share of matchups it won. Left to right is how sugary it is compared to the others.

The obvious theory

If sugar drove candy love, this trend line would climb steeply. It doesn't. The correlation between sugar and win rate is r = 0.23 — sugar explains about five percent of why one candy beats another. Going from the least sugary candy in the set to the most sugary buys you roughly ten points of win rate, while the gap between the best and worst candies is over sixty.

Exhibit A

Meet Reese's Miniatures: the second most-loved candy of all 85 — and the third least sugary. It sits in the 3rd percentile for sugar and wins 82% of its matchups. If sweetness were the point, this candy could not exist.

The real divide

Now color the dots by one ingredient. Chocolate candies (brown) average a 60.9% win rate; everything else averages 42.1%. That's an 18.8-point gap from a single yes/no attribute — nearly double sugar's effect across its entire range. And every one of the top ten candies contains chocolate.

The payoff

Chocolate is worth +18.8 points of win rate. It beats every other attribute — crisped rice, peanuts, bar form — and it holds up in a regression controlling for all of them (+19.7). Fruity and hard candies actually lose points. Sugar isn't what we're choosing. Chocolate is.

What this data can't tell us